<< Previous Section | < Previous Page | Next Page > | Next Section >> Bibliogrphy (page 4 of 10) Davis, L. L., M. S. Little, et al. (1997). "The Art and Angst of the Mentoring Relationship." Acad. Psychiatry 21(2): 61-71.       The authors review the ancient mentoring relationship in Homer's Odyssey and the mentoring discourse of Socrates. These relationships illustrate the art of inspiring a searching quality in the subject and the angst of the struggle that accompanies perplexity and unknowing. The developmental stages of the mentor and resident in psychiatric training are reviewed. A number of teaching interventions are discussed as they might be perceived by the student. Finally, Plato's "Allegory of the Cave" is used as a metaphor for the art of enlightenment and angst of learning and teaching in the mentoring relationship. Dickenson, D. and J. Ferguson (2005). "Advisory Document for Retained Organs Commission." University of Birmingham, UK: Centre for Global Ethics.      This document addresses the burning issue of retained organs and the rights of donors. They suggest a modified property rights approach to regulation of the practice. http://www.globalethics.bham.ac.uk/consultancy/Retained_organs.htm Easterbrook, G. (1997). "SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY: Science and God: A Warming Trend?" Science 277(5328): 890-893.       This is a thoughtful discussion of the relationships or the lack thereof between religion and science. Both approaches to the world seek truth in different ways and both exert great power. The question is whether they can be reconciled. Lots of ideas are presented in a vigorous format. Eastwood, S. D., P; Leash, E; Odrway, S. (1996). "Ethical Issues in Biomedical Research: Perception and Practices of Postdoctoral Research Fellows Responding to a Survey." Sci Eng Ethics 2(1): 89-114.       This empirical study surveyed 1005 trainees and got 1/3 to respond. Their ethics were not very strong and it didn't matter whether they had taken training in research ethics during their training. This is well worth reading. Emanuel, E. J., D. Wendler, et al. (2000). "What Makes Clinical Research Ethical?" JAMA 283(20): 2701-2711.       The authors point out that just getting informed consent does not make clinical research ethical. They propose 7 requirements for ethical clinical studies: "(1) value--enhancements of health or knowledge must be derived from the research; (2) scientific validity--the research must be methodologically rigorous; (3) fair subject selection--scientific objectives, not vulnerability or privilege, and the potential for and distribution of risks and benefits, should determine communities selected as study sites and the inclusion criteria for individual subjects; (4) favorable risk-benefit ratio--within the context of standard clinical practice and the research protocol, risks must be minimized, potential benefits enhanced, and the potential benefits to individuals and knowledge gained for society must outweigh the risks; (5) independent review--unaffiliated individuals must review the research and approve, amend, or terminate it; (6) informed consent--individuals should be informed about the research and provide their voluntary consent; and (7) respect for enrolled subjects--subjects should have their privacy protected, the opportunity to withdraw, and their well-being monitored." They claim that fulfilling all 7 is necessary and sufficient to make clinical research ethical. While studies must be adapted to the environment in which they are conducted, the 7 standards are broad enough to encompass them all. The latter may be questionable but the paper has become an instant classic and clinical research proposals are being evaluated on the basis of the seven points. A must read. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/283/20/2701 Evans, M., M. Robling, et al. (2002). "It Doesn't Cost Anything Just To Ask, Does It? The Ethics Of Questionnaire-Based Research." J Med Ethics 28(1): 41-44. This paper presents an analysis of potential psychological forms associated with questionnaire research, using as the example a study of attitudes toward breast disease in English women. They point out the possibility of harm both to researchers and to the practicing physicians cooperating in the study. http://jme.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/28/1/41 << Previous Section | < Previous Page | Next Page > | Next Section >> Chapter 1 Quick Links The Ethical Basis of RCRH The Nature of Science Research Integrity Professionalism in Science Practical Elements of Responsible Research Conduct Cases Bibliography Chapter 1 Download (PDF)