<< Previous Section | < Previous Page | Next Page > | Next Section >> Bibliography (page 7 of 13) Johnston, J. (2004). "Outing the Conflicted: Et Tu, NIH?" Science 303(5664): 1610b-.       This report outlines the findings on NIH senior investigator and administrator conflicts of interest and their potentially serious consequences. Kaiser, J. (2004). "BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH: Feeling the Heat, NIH Tightens Conflict-of-Interest Rules." Science 305(5680): 25-26.       This news article describes the first responses of NIH administration to revelations about intramural conflicts of interest. Kaiser, J. (2004). "NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH: Paid Consulting: Good for the Staff, Not for the Chiefs." Science 304(5673): 936a-937.       A news report on the extent of NIH staff involvement in conflicts of interest. Kaiser, J. (2005). "CONFLICT OF INTEREST: NIH Chief Clamps Down on Consulting and Stock Ownership." Science 307(5711): 824-825.       A news report on the NIH ruling on conflicts of interest among its employees. Kassirer, J. P. and M. Angell (1993). "Financial Conflicts of Interest in Biomedical Research." N Engl J Med 329(8): 570-571.       An early voice indicating the growing involvement of with industry and the conflicts of interest and of commitment they engender. Worthwhile reading. Kassirer, J. P. and M. Angell (1997). "The High Price of Product Endorsement." N Engl J Med 337(10): 700-.       Product endorsement by a professional or scientific organization raises serious ethical problems. The endorsement is worth a lot to the product's company and it is willing to pay well for it. The question is whether the organization has done the comparative testing to determine whether this is a superior product worth endorsing. Organizations take risks to their credibility and financial risks when they endorse a product. Kjaergard, L. L. and B. Als-Nielsen (2002). "Association between competing interests zand authors' conclusions: epidemiological study of randomized clinical trials published in the BMJ." BMJ 325(7358): 249-.       To assess the association between competing interests and authors' conclusions in randomized clinical trials the authors conducted an epidemiological study of randomized clinical trials published in the BMJ from January 1997 to June 2001. Financial competing interests were defined as funding by for profit organizations and other competing interests as personal, academic, or political. They reviewed159 trials from 12 medical specialties.. Authors' conclusions were significantly more positive towards the experimental intervention in trials funded by for profit organizations alone compared with trials without competing interests, trials funded by both for profit and non-profit organizations, and trials with other competing interests. The authors' conclusions were that randomized clinical trials significantly favored experimental interventions if financial competing interests were declared. Other competing interests were not significantly associated with authors' conclusions. Krimsky, S. and L. Rothenberg (1998). "Financial interest and its disclosure in scientific publications." JAMA 280(3): 225-6.       Journal policies and requirements of funding agencies on financial disclosure of authors and grant applicants have divided editors and scientists who disagree on whether such policies can improve the integrity of science or manage conflicts of interest. Those opposed to such disclosure policies argue that financial interest is one of many interests held by scientists, is the least scientifically dangerous, and should not be singled out. Those who favor open reporting of financial interests argue that full disclosure removes the suspicion that something of relevance to objectivity is being hidden and allows readers to form their own opinions on whether a conflict of interest exists and what relevance that has to the study. The authors believe that the scientific community and the public will be best served by open publication of financial disclosures for readers and reviewers to evaluate. << Previous Section | < Previous Page | Next Page > | Next Section >> Chapter 4 Quick Links Conflicts of Interest (COI) Definitions Consequences of a COI Government Intervention Industry Sponsorship Professional Societies Clinical Practice Guidelines Other Initiatives COI in Financial Consulting Cases Bibliography Chapter 4 Download (PDF)