Avoiding plagiarism,
self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical
writing
If you selected “properly paraphrased”, you are correct. Although as in the earlier example (No. 5) the structure of the paragraph (i.e., order of the sentences) has been preserved, the present rewritten paragraph represents a thoroughly modified version of the original. The reader is reminded, however, that in some disciplines, particularly within the humanities, a proper paraphrase entails a change in the overall structure of the paragraph as well as a change in the wording. Given, that scientific writing is sometimes multidisciplinary in scope, authors should make every effort to be thoroughly acquainted with the rules of scholarship encompassing the readership of their work.
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ORIGINAL VERSION REWRITTEN VERSION
“This
study examines whether workers of S. invicta are able to assist their
mothers in colony usurpations.
First we tested whether [queens] of S. invicta are better able to
usurp colonies to which their daughters have moved. Second, we tested whether the effect of
daughters on usurpation success is due to familiarity with the queen or to
genetic relatedness. Aggressive
behavior during these usurpation attempts was observed to determine if the
presence of familiar or related workers influenced the aggressive response
toward either the resident queen or the queen attempting usurpation.” Balas
and Adams carried out an investigation to determine whether S. invicta
mothers are helped by their worker offspring during colony take-overs. These authors asked whether colony
take-over by S. invicta queens is more effective when their daughters first
invade the colonies. A second
hypothesis concerned the extent to which daughters’ familiarity with the
queen, or their genetic similarity to her, affects successful colony
take-over. During these occupation
attempts, aggressive behavior of
usurping workers that were either familiar or
genetically related was observed to see if these variables mediated
aggressive behavior toward the invading or the resident
queen.
* Red colored, underlined strings of text indicate that they have been taken verbatim from the original paragraph.
- Blue highlighted text indicates that it has been
appropriated from the original paragraph with a change in the order of the
words or phrases.
