Avoiding plagiarism,
self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical
writing
In this version the first two paraphrased sentences appear to have undergone moderate modifications. However, the second two sentences have not been adequately paraphrased. As with previous versions, the third sentence was changed by a mere substitution of the first two of three words and the fourth sentence has not been changed at all making these two sentences plagiarized versions of the original. Because the first two sentences were not sufficiently modified and because the last two sentences contain only minimal changes, this rewritten version of the original paragraph is still considered as a case of plagiarism.
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ORIGINAL VERSION REWRITTEN VERSION
“This
study examines whether workers of S. invicta are able to assist their
mothers in colony usurpations.
First we tested whether [queens] of S. invicta are better able to
usurp colonies to which their daughters have moved. Second, we tested whether the effect of
daughters on usurpation success is due to familiarity with the queen or to
genetic relatedness. Aggressive
behavior during these usurpation attempts was observed to determine if the
presence of familiar or related workers influenced the aggressive response
toward either the resident queen or the queen attempting usurpation.” To
determine whether workers of S. invicta
can assist their mothers in colony
usurpations, a study was conducted in which the following
variables were investigated: First, S. invicta queens’ hypothesized ability to usurp colonies to which their daughters have moved
was examined. The second hypothesis tested
whether the effect of daughters on usurpation success is due to familiarity
with the queen or to genetic relatedness. During these usurpation attempts aggressive behavior
was observed to determine if the presence of familiar or related workers influenced aggression toward either the resident queen or the queen attempting colony usurpation.
* Red colored, underlined strings of text indicate that they have been taken verbatim from the original paragraph.
* Blue highlighted text indicates
that it has been appropriated from the original paragraph with a change in the
order of the words or phrases.
