Avoiding plagiarism,
self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical
writing
The first sentence of the rewritten version is probably an acceptable paraphrase of the first sentence in the original paragraph. However, with the exception of a minor transposition of words in the last sentence, the rest of the sentences have only been superficially changed by the addition or substitution of a few words at the beginning of each sentence. The remaining phrases in these sentences have not changed. As with the previous example, none of the sentences in the rewritten paragraph are totally identical to their counterparts in the original. Because there is still a significant amount of verbatim material taken from the original, the rewritten version would still be deemed as an example of plagiarism.
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ORIGINAL VERSION REWRITTEN VERSION
“This
study examines whether workers of S. invicta are able to assist their
mothers in colony usurpations.
First we tested whether [queens] of S. invicta are better able to
usurp colonies to which their daughters have moved. Second, we tested whether the effect of
daughters on usurpation success is due to familiarity with the queen or to
genetic relatedness. Aggressive
behavior during these usurpation attempts was observed to determine if the
presence of familiar or related workers influenced the aggressive response
toward either the resident queen or the queen attempting usurpation.” To
determine whether workers of S. invicta
can assist their mothers in colony
usurpations, two researchers have conducted a study in which the
following hypotheses were tested: First,
they wanted to see whether queens of S.
invicta are better able to usurp colonies to which their daughters have
moved. Second, they tested
whether the effect of daughters on usurpation success is due to familiarity
with the queen or to genetic relatedness. The ants’ aggressive
behavior during these usurpation attempts was observed to determine if the presence of related or familiar workers
influenced the aggressive response toward either
the resident queen or the queen attempting a colony take-over.
* Red colored, underlined strings of text indicate that they have been taken verbatim from the original paragraph.
* Blue highlighted text indicates that it has been appropriated
from the original paragraph with a change in the order of the words or phrases.
